Green peas are sweet, delicious, and popular as garden peas. Green peas contain a unique assortment of health protective phytonutrients. One of these phytonutrients is coumestrol which has recently come to the forefront of research with respect to stomach cancer protection. Green peas are good source of proteins, vitamins and minerals. Even though green peas are an extremely low fat food, the type of fat and fat soluble nutrients they contain is impressive. It is good food for the people who are in dieting. It is also good food for kids growth. Green peas crop is environmental friendly crop because peas plants work with bacteria in the soil to fix nitrogen from the air and deposit it in the soil. This reduces the usage of fertilizers usage since one of their main ingredient is nitrogen.
How to store Green peas for long period:-
Green peas can be used in salads, soups, curries, biryanis and fried rice
Mumps is also known as epidemic parotitis. It is an acute systemic communicable disease caused by a single stranded RNA virus, paramyxovirus. It is characterized by painful enlargement of one or both parotid glands. The disease is widespread in distribution and is endemic in urban communities. Its peak incidence is in winter and spring seasons.
Mumps is highly contagious and spreads rapidly among people living in close quarters. Humans are the only reservoir of the infection. The virus is transmitted through by respiratory droplets, direct contact and through fomites infected with saliva. When an infected person coughs or sneezes the dropolets aerosolize and can enter the eyes, nose or mouth of another person. It can also be spread by sharing food and drinks.
People are infectious to each other from a few days before the start of symptoms to four days after. After an infection a person is typically immune for life long. Reinfection is possible but it tends to be mild.
The average incubation period is 18 days. Mumps is preceded by a set of prodromal symptoms. One third of the patients are asymptomatic
A live attenuated vaccine is available and may be given to children above one year of age along with rubella and measles vaccines. It confers lifelong immunity. MMRV vaccine also available which gives protection against mu8mps, measles, rubella and chicken pox
There is no available cure for mumps and the treatment is supportive. Analgesics are used to relive pain. Application of hot or cold compresses to the parotids may also help to relieve pain.
Carcinoma of the gingiva constitutes an extremely important group of cancers. The similarity of early cancerous lesions of the gingiva to common dental infections has frequently led to delay in diagnosis or even misdiagnosis. Hence institution of treatment has been delayed, and the ultimate prognosis of the patient is poorer.
Approximately 10% of all malignant tumors of the oral cavity occur on the gingiva. This is essentially a disease of elderly persons, since only 2% of the tumors occurred in patients under the age of 40 years. It is more common in men than women.
The exact cause of gum cancer is not known. However several risk factors are known to cause gum cancer. A number of factors increase the risk of developing gum cancer. Not all the people with risk factors will get gum cancer.
Carcinoma of the gingiva usually is manifested initially as an area of ulceration which may be a purely erosive lesion or may exhibit an exophytic, granular verrucous type of growth. Many times, carcinoma of the gingiva does not does not have the clinical appearance of a malignant neoplasm.
In the maxilla, gingival carcinoma often invades into the maxillary sinus, or it may extend onto the palate or into the tonsillar pillar. In the mandible, extension into the floor of the mouth or laterally into the cheek as well as deep into the bone is rather common. Metastasis is a common sequel of gum cancer. Cancer of the mandibular gingiva metastasizes more frequently than cancer of the maxillary gingiva.
Gum cancer is most treatable and curable if caught in the earliest stage of the disease. Gum cancer grows relatively slowly, but untreated and advanced gum cancer can spread into the deeper tissues of the mouth and neck. In advanced stages, gum cancer can spread through the lymph nodes and blood to other parts of the body where the cancer cells can form another cancerous tumor. Gum cancer and other forms of oral cancer have a high risk of recurring after treatment.
Gum cancer treatment includes
The normal thyroid gland consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus in the middle. Thyroid gland is located in the front of your neck. The thyroid gland synthesizes two hormones, T3 and T4, from iodine taken in the diet. Production of T3 and T4 in the thyroid is controlled by a mechanism called feedback mechanism. T3 is the metabolic active hormone which acts as a stimulus. Thyroid hormones control the general metabolism by regulating the rate of oxidation and production of energy. They maintain the basal metabolic rate of the body. They promote growth of body tissues and development of mental functions during infancy and childhood.
A clinical condition caused by low levels of circulating thyroid hormones is called hypothyroidism. It is called primary when the cause of it lies in the thyroid itself. It becomes secondary when hypothyroidism occurs due to the disease of anterior pituitary or hypothalamus. Goitrous hypothyroidism is associated with enlargement of thyroid. Primary hypothyroidism is more common than secondary.
Symptoms depend on the age at which deficiency manifests duration and severity of the disease. Infantile hypothyroidism is seen in the infants (age less than 1 year). The symptoms are mental retardation, delayed milestones of development, pot belly, protruding tongue, flat nose, dry skin and sparse hairs. This condition is called cretinism. X-ray of bone shows delayed bone age. This should be promptly treated; otherwise, mental deficiency will persist.
Juvenile hypothyroidism manifests at adolescence and is characterized by short stature, retarded growth, and poor performance at school, delayed puberty and sexual maturation. Other features of adult hypothyroidism are present to variable degree.
The clinical picture of adult hypothyroidism is nonspecific and insidious in onset. The symptoms and signs are due to slow metabolic rate and due to deposition of mucopolysaccharides into various body tissues such as larynx causing hoarseness of voice, deafness, tongue producing slurred speech, skin with non-pitting edema, puffiness of face, hands, feet and eyelids. It is called as myxedema because of characteristic infiltration of skin by myxomatous tissue. There may be symptoms of compression of long nerves.
Symptoms and signs of adult hypothyroidism
Treatment of hypothyroidism is lifelong replacement of thyroid hormones by L-thyroxine; the dose is prescribed as per patient’s need so as to maintain normal metabolic activity. Patients feel better within 2-3 weeks after the start of replacement therapy. First of all, patients feel slightly active, there is decrease in weight. Puffiness of the face disappears. There is noticeable change In voice and bowel evacuation. The changes of skin, hair and effusion take longer time, that is, 3-6 months to disappear.
The normal thyroid gland consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus in the middle. Thyroid gland is located in the front of your neck. The thyroid gland synthesizes two hormones, T3 and T4, from iodine taken in the diet. Production of T3 and T4 in the thyroid is controlled by a mechanism called feedback mechanism. T3 is the metabolic active hormone which acts as a stimulus. Thyroid hormones control the general metabolism by regulating the rate of oxidation and production of energy. They maintain the basal metabolic rate of the body. They promote growth of body tissues and development of mental functions during infancy and childhood. They sensitize the tissues to the action of endogenous catecholamine. Therefore excess of these hormones lead to symptoms and signs of sympathetic stimulation characteristically seen in hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome that results from exposure of the body tissues to excess of circulating free thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism also called as thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis literally means toxicity due to excess of thyroid hormones. All the tissues that contain thyroid receptors are affected. Hyperthyroidism affects females more than males and is usually associated with thyroid enlargement.
The causes of hyperthyroidism are
It is the most common thyroid disorder producing hyperthyroidism. It is characterized by the symptoms that are diffuse goiter, exophthalmos and pre-tibial myxedema. It can occur at any age but is common between 30-50 years old age group. It is an autoimmune disorder. Normally in an autoimmune disorder, antibodies destroy the thyroid tissue but this is an exception where the thyroid IgG antibodies stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormones. Exophthalmos is due to collection of retro-orbital fluid and proliferation of fibroblasts which lead to rise in pressure in retro-orbital space, which pushes the eyeballs forward.
Moderate to severe hyperthyroidism produces characteristic features, the presentation of which varies from patient to patient. The clinical symptoms and signs are due to
There are different modes of presentation at different age groups. A child may present with behavioural abnormalities or premature growth spurt or deterioration of mental functions. An old man may present with irregular heartbeats. Sometimes symptoms and signs may not be complained of but can be observed at clinical examination
Goiter:- diffuse or nodular. Diffuse goiter indicates Graves disease while nodularity indicates toxic nodular goitre
The hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is always due to grave’s disease. Antithyroid drugs cross the placental barrier; hence, there is risk of fetal hypothyroidism. As a general rule, dosage of Antithyroid therapy should be the lowest effect does necessary to control hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Betablockers should not be used as an adjuvant therapy during pregnancy because of their effect on fetus. Radioactive iodine is contraindicated during pregnancy and subtotal thyroidectomy is not6 preferred over drug treatment if patient is responsive to therapy.
Scarlet fever is a highly contagious systemic infection occurring predominantly in children, caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci, St. Pyogenes which produces a pyogenic exotoxin. It is similar in many respects to acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis caused by streptococci. Though it occurs in all populations of the world, it is less frequent today. Scarlet fever is most common in children 5 to 15 years of age. Although Scarlet fever was once considered a serious childhood illness but antibiotic treatments have made it less threatening. Still, if left untreated, scarlet fever can result in more serious conditions that affect the heart, kidneys and other parts of the body
Scarlet fever is common in children. The symptoms are
The chief oral manifestations of scarlet fever have been referred to as stomatitis scarlatina. The mucosa particularly of the palate, may appear congested and may have petechiae scattered on the soft palate.
The administration of antibiotics will help to treat and also help in controlling possible complications. Local application of topical ointment also can be used to relieve discomfort
Cancer of the tongue comprises between 25 and 50% of all intraoral cancer. It is less common in women than in men except in certain geographic localities, chiefly the Scandinavian countries, where the incidence of all intraoral cancer in women is high incidence of a preexisting Plummer-Vinson syndrome. There are two parts to your tongue, the oral tongue and the base of the tongue. The front two third of the tongue is oral part. Cancers that develops in this part is called as mouth or oral cancer. The base of the tongue is the back third of the tongue. Cancers that develop in this part are called as oropharyngeal cancer.
The most common presenting sign of carcinoma of the tongue is a painless mass or ulcer, although in most patients the lesion ultimately becomes painful, especially when it becomes secondarily infected. The tumor may begin as a superficially indurated ulcer with slightly raised borders and may proceed either to develop a fun gating, exophytic mass or to infiltrate the deep layers of the tongue, producing fixation and induration without much surface change
The symptoms of tongue cancer may include
The treatment of cancer of tongue is a difficult problem. The treatment depends on the size of the cancer. The treatment procedures are
One of these or combination of these treatments may be required. The best treatment for very small tongue cancers is surgery. For larger tumors that have spread to the lymph nodes in the neck, then the combination of surgery and radiotherapy are required.
In most children the eruption of primary teeth is preceded by increased salivation, restlessness and a tendency to place objects like finger in mouth. This observation may be the only indication that teeth will soon erupt. Many conditions including fever, diarrhea, convulsions, and primary herpetic gingiva-stomatitis have been incorrectly attributed to eruption. In fact teething does not increase the incidence of infection, nor does it cause any rise in temperature, white blood cell count but it does cause day time restlessness, an increase in the amount of finger sucking or rubbing of the gums, an increase in drooling and possibly some loss of appetite.
Symptoms can last for just a few days, right around the time a new tooth is emerging or for as long as several months if a lot of teeth come through all at once. In some babies teething doesn’t cause any noticeable signs at all.
If your baby has diarrhea, fever or a runny nose, don’t dismiss it as a sign of teething, especially if the symptoms last for more than 24 hours. There is no scientific proof that these are linked to teething but the explanation for these symptoms is that teething babies frequently put things in their mouth to sooth their gums, so they come into contact with more viruses and other germs.
Normally the first tooth appears between the age of 4 to 7 months, but it’s also perfectly normal up to 10 months to 1 year. If your kid reaches 18 months with no tooth in sight, then consult pedodontist. Most children have a full set of primary teeth by the age of 3 years.
Upper teeth:-
Central incisors | 8 – 12 months |
Lateral incisors | 9 – 13 months |
Canines | 16 – 22 months |
First molars | 13 – 19 months |
Second molars | 25 – 33 months |
Lower teeth:-
Central incisors | 6 – 10 months |
Lateral incisors | 10 – 16 months |
Canines | 17 – 23 months |
first molars | 14 – 18 months |
Second molars | 23 – 31 months |
Total number of Primary teeth=20 and Premolars are absent in the primary dentition.
Walnuts are high in protein, vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids, trace minerals, lecithin and oil. Eating just one ounce of walnuts a day (that’s about seven shelled walnuts) may be sufficient to get beneficial properties of walnuts. Compared with other nuts, which typically contain a high amount of monounsaturated fats, walnuts are unique because the fats in them are primarily polyunsaturated fatty acids and are the only nuts with significant amounts of alpha linoleic acid.
Walnuts are really beneficial for immunity. High amounts of antioxidants in them help in keeping the immune system healthy and prevent the onset of diseases. Walnuts are rich in fiber and are useful for the proper digestive function. Having walnuts daily can help you with the digestive problems and keep your bowel functioning properly. Walnuts are also useful for the pregnant women because these nuts contain B complex group vitamins and these are necessary for pregnant women and fetus. Having walnuts gives you better sleep through the melatonin in them. Melatonin compound said to be associated with better sleep patterns. So add these versatile nuts to salads for a nutty crunch or make a coating for poultry and fish or make a creamy sauce or use it in the sweets or just eat as raw nuts.
Cancer fighting properties:-
Walnuts consumption may reduce the risk of prostate cancer and breast cancer. Walnuts contain several unique and powerful antioxidants that are available only a few commonly eaten food.
Heart health:-
Walnuts contain the amino acid l-argenine which offers multiple vascular benefits to people with heart disease or those who have increased risk for heart disease due to multiple cardiac risk factors.
Weight control:-
Adding walnuts to your diet can help you to maintain your ideal weight over time.
Improves reproductive health in man:-
One of the lesser known benefits of walnuts is their impact on male fertility. Regular walnut consumption will significantly improve sperm quality including vitality, motility and morphology
Brain health:-
The physical appearance of walnuts resembles human brain. Walnuts contain a number of neuroprotective compounds, including vitamin E, Folate, melatonin, omega3 fats and anti-oxidants. Consumption of high anti-oxidant foods like walnuts can decrease the enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress that occurs in aging. Walnuts will increase health span and also enhance cognitive and motor function in aging.
Walnuts for hair:-
Walnuts are good for hair too. This is because walnut contains biotin that helps hair strengthen, growth to certain extent. The regular application of walnut oil on hair gives you longer, stronger and healthier and glowing hair. Walnut oil also acts as a natural anti-dandruff agent. Many shampoos contain walnut extracts which keeps hair healthy and make them shiny
Useful for diabetic patients:-
Walnuts improve metabolic parameters in people with type2 diabetes. The mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids in nuts are good for insulin sensitivity.
Good source of vitamins and minerals:-
Walnuts are good source for Folate, thiamin and vitamin E. Rich source of Manganese and also rich in other minerals such as Magnesium, Phosphorus and Iron.
Makes your skin glow:-
Walnuts are rich in B vitamins and anti-oxidants that prevent your skin from free radical damage and prevent wrinkles and sign of ageing. Delays skin ageing by decreasing the stress. Many makeup and skin care products include walnuts in their ingredients as they are rich in nutrients that benefits beauty. Walnut face scrubs are also available in market. These scrubs can remove the dead skin cells and give you a fresh youthful appearance.
For bone health:-
Walnuts contain an essential fatty acid called alpha linolenic acid. This amino acid compounds have been associated with bones that have grown stronger and healthier. Omega 3 fatty acids decrease the inflammation and this is related to keeping bones stronger for longer.
When purchasing whole walnuts that have not been shelled, choose that are larger in size. Shelled walnuts are generally available in a prepackaged containers as well as bulk bins. Avoid those that look rubbery or shriveled. Shelled walnuts should be stored in an airtight container and place in the refrigerator, where they will last for one year.
Unshelled walnuts should preferably store in the refrigerator, although as long as you keep them in a cool dry, dark place they will stay fresh for up to 6 months. Walnuts generally absorb food flavors quite easily. While refrigerating or freezing make sure they are kept at a safe distance from foo such as onions, cabbage and fish.