Here are some potential viva questions and answers related to dental caries:
- Question: What is dental caries?
Answer: Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a multifactorial infectious disease characterized by demineralization of the enamel and dentin caused by acid-producing bacteria in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates.
- Question: What are the main causative factors of dental caries?
Answer: The main causative factors of dental caries are bacteria (especially Streptococcus mutans), fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starches), susceptible tooth surface (enamel and dentin), and time.
- Question: Explain the process of dental caries formation.
Answer: Dental caries formation involves the following steps: a. Demineralization: Acid produced by bacteria leads to the dissolution of minerals from the tooth enamel. b. Caries lesion: A cavity or lesion is formed as a result of demineralization. c. Bacterial invasion: Bacteria penetrate the enamel and dentin, perpetuating the decay process.
- Question: How can dental caries be prevented?
Answer: Dental caries prevention involves practicing good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, using fluoride-containing products, regular dental check-ups, and applying dental sealants. Fluoride helps strengthen enamel and reduces the risk of caries.
- Question: What are the clinical signs and symptoms of dental caries?
Answer: Clinical signs and symptoms of dental caries include toothache, sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli, visible cavities, discoloration of the tooth surface, and localized pain.
- Question: How does fluoride contribute to dental caries prevention?
Answer: Fluoride helps prevent dental caries by enhancing remineralization of enamel, inhibiting bacterial acid production, and reducing the solubility of tooth minerals. It also promotes the incorporation of fluoride into the tooth structure, making it more resistant to acid attack.
- Question: What is the role of saliva in dental caries prevention?
Answer: Saliva plays a crucial role in dental caries prevention by maintaining the pH balance in the mouth, buffering acids, providing minerals for remineralization, and washing away food particles. Saliva also has antibacterial properties that help control the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Viva Questions in Dental Materials Finishing and Polishing
- Question: How do dental professionals diagnose and treat dental caries?
Answer: Diagnosis involves visual examination, dental X-rays, and sometimes using diagnostic instruments. Treatment typically includes removal of decayed tissue and restoration with dental fillings (composite, amalgam) or other restorative procedures like crowns in more severe cases.
Remember that these questions and answers provide a general overview, and the depth of responses may vary based on the specific level of education or training. Additionally, it’s essential to stay updated with the latest research and guidelines in the field of dentistry.
Below are some viva questions and answers related to the classification of dental caries:
- Question: What are the main classifications of dental caries?
Answer: Dental caries can be classified based on various criteria. The primary classifications include:
- By Location:
- Pit and fissure caries
- Smooth surface caries
- Root surface caries
- By Extent:
- Incipient or early caries
- Moderate or established caries
- Advanced or severe caries
- By Progression:
- Acute caries
- Chronic caries
- By Surface Involvement:
- Buccal or facial caries
- Lingual or palatal caries
- Mesial caries
- Distal caries
- Question: Explain the difference between pit and fissure caries and smooth surface caries.
Answer: Pit and fissure caries occur in the deeper grooves and pits on the chewing surfaces of teeth, particularly molars and premolars. Smooth surface caries, on the other hand, affects the flat surfaces between the teeth and may progress more slowly than pit and fissure caries. Viva Question and Answers in Class 2 dental cavity
- Question: What is incipient caries?
Answer: Incipient caries, also known as early caries or white spot lesions, represents the initial stage of tooth decay. It is characterized by demineralization of the enamel without cavitation. At this stage, the damage may be reversible through remineralization and good oral hygiene practices.
- Question: How does the classification of dental caries influence treatment decisions?
Answer: The classification of dental caries is crucial for determining the severity and extent of the decay, which, in turn, guides treatment decisions. For example, incipient caries may be managed with preventive measures, while more advanced caries may require restorative procedures like fillings or crowns.
- Question: What are the factors considered in the classification of root surface caries?
Answer: Root surface caries is often classified based on factors such as the location of the lesion (cervical, middle, or apical third of the root), the presence of cavitation, and the depth of the lesion. The classification helps in selecting appropriate treatment strategies.
- Question: How does the classification of caries aid in epidemiological studies?
Answer: The classification of dental caries is essential for epidemiological studies as it allows researchers to categorize and analyze the prevalence and distribution of car
Here are some viva questions and answers related to the causes of dental caries:
- Question: What are the primary causes of dental caries?
Answer: The main causes of dental caries include a combination of bacteria (especially Streptococcus mutans), fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starches), susceptible tooth surfaces, and time.
- Question: How do bacteria contribute to the development of dental caries?
Answer: Bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans, produce acids as they metabolize sugars from the diet. These acids contribute to the demineralization of tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities.
- Question: What role do fermentable carbohydrates play in the etiology of dental caries?
Answer: Fermentable carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, serve as a substrate for acid-producing bacteria. When these carbohydrates are consumed, bacteria ferment them, producing acids that can erode tooth enamel and initiate the caries process. viva question and answers related to the classification of dental cements
- Question: How does the frequency and timing of carbohydrate consumption affect the risk of dental caries?
Answer: Frequent and prolonged exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, especially sugary snacks and beverages, increases the risk of dental caries. The timing of consumption also matters, as consuming carbohydrates between meals provides a continuous supply of substrate for acid-producing bacteria.
- Question: Can genetics influence an individual’s susceptibility to dental caries?
Answer: Yes, genetics can play a role in an individual’s susceptibility to dental caries. Genetic factors may influence the composition of saliva, tooth structure, and the immune response, all of which can affect the likelihood of developing caries.
- Question: How does poor oral hygiene contribute to the development of dental caries?
Answer: Poor oral hygiene allows the accumulation of dental plaque, a biofilm containing bacteria, on tooth surfaces. Bacteria in plaque produce acids that lead to demineralization and the initiation of caries. Regular brushing and flossing help remove plaque and reduce the risk of caries.
- Question: What impact does saliva have on dental caries?
Answer: Saliva plays a protective role by buffering acids, promoting remineralization of tooth enamel, and washing away food particles. Reduced saliva flow or changes in saliva composition can increase the risk of dental caries.
- Question: How do systemic factors, such as nutritional deficiencies, contribute to dental caries?
Answer: Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in minerals like calcium and phosphate, can weaken tooth enamel, making it more susceptible to demineralization. Adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining overall oral health and preventing dental caries.
- Question: What is the role of fluoride in preventing dental caries?
Answer: Fluoride helps prevent dental caries by enhancing remineralization, inhibiting bacterial acid production, and reducing the solubility of tooth minerals. It also promotes the incorporation of fluoride into the tooth structure, making it more resistant to acid attack.
These questions cover a range of factors contributing to the development of dental caries, providing a comprehensive understanding of its etiology.
Here are some viva questions and answers related to the treatment of dental caries:
- Question: What are the primary treatment options for dental caries?
Answer: The primary treatment options for dental caries include non-surgical approaches such as fluoride therapy and preventive measures, as well as surgical interventions like dental fillings and, in more advanced cases, crowns or root canal therapy.
- Question: Explain the concept of remineralization in the treatment of dental caries.
Answer: Remineralization is the process of restoring minerals to the tooth enamel that have been lost due to demineralization caused by acid-producing bacteria. This can be facilitated by using fluoride, which promotes the rebuilding of enamel and makes it more resistant to future acid attacks. Â Viva Question and Answers related to the Gingiva!
- Question: What is the role of fluoride in the treatment and prevention of dental caries?
Answer: Fluoride helps in the treatment and prevention of dental caries by promoting remineralization, inhibiting bacterial acid production, and strengthening tooth enamel. It is often delivered through fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwash, professional fluoride treatments, and community water fluoridation.
- Question: When is non-surgical intervention, such as fluoride therapy, recommended for dental caries?
Answer: Non-surgical interventions like fluoride therapy are recommended in the early stages of caries, particularly for incipient lesions or white spot lesions. Fluoride can be applied topically to promote remineralization and prevent further progression.
- Question: What are the different types of dental fillings used in the treatment of caries?
Answer: Dental fillings, also known as restorations, can be made of materials such as amalgam, composite resin, glass ionomer, or gold. The choice of material depends on factors like the location of the cavity, aesthetic concerns, and the patient’s preference.
- Question: How does the severity of dental caries influence the choice of treatment?
Answer: The severity of dental caries influences the choice of treatment. In early stages, non-surgical approaches like fluoride therapy may be sufficient, while more advanced caries may require surgical interventions such as dental fillings, crowns, or root canal therapy.
- Question: Explain the process of dental filling placement.
Answer: Dental filling placement involves removing the decayed tooth structure, preparing the cavity, and filling it with an appropriate restorative material. The material is shaped and polished to restore the tooth’s function and aesthetics.
- Question: When is root canal therapy recommended for the treatment of dental caries?
Answer: Root canal therapy is recommended when dental caries reach the pulp of the tooth, causing infection or irreversible damage. It involves removing the infected or damaged pulp, cleaning and shaping the root canals, and sealing the space to prevent further infection. Viva Questions in Periapical Abscess
- Question: How do dental professionals determine the need for a dental crown in caries treatment?
Answer: Dental crowns are recommended when caries have significantly weakened the tooth structure. They provide strength, support, and protection to the remaining tooth structure. Crowns are often used for large cavities, following root canal therapy, or for teeth with extensive damage.
These questions cover various aspects of the treatment of dental caries, ranging from preventive measures to surgical interventions based on the severity of the condition.
Here are some common viva questions and answers related to the formation of dental caries:
- Q: What is dental caries?
- A: Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a microbial disease of the teeth that results in localized demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues.
- Q: What are the primary etiological factors for the formation of dental caries?
- A: The primary factors include bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans), fermentable carbohydrates (sugars), susceptible tooth surface (enamel and dentin), and time.
- Q: How do bacteria contribute to the formation of dental caries?
- A: Bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans, produce acids as byproducts of fermenting sugars. These acids lower the pH in the oral environment, leading to demineralization of the tooth structure.
- Q: Explain the process of demineralization and remineralization in dental caries.
- A: Demineralization occurs when acids produced by bacteria reduce the pH, causing minerals (calcium and phosphate) to dissolve from the tooth enamel. Remineralization involves the restoration of these minerals, often through saliva and fluoride, helping to repair and strengthen the enamel.
- Q: How does the frequency and timing of sugar consumption impact the risk of dental caries?
- A: Frequent and prolonged exposure to sugary foods and beverages increases the risk of dental caries. The timing is important because the mouth’s pH drops after eating, and frequent snacking doesn’t allow sufficient time for remineralization.
- Q: What role does saliva play in preventing dental caries?
- A: Saliva acts as a natural defense mechanism against dental caries by neutralizing acids, providing minerals for remineralization, and flushing away food particles. It helps maintain a balanced oral environment.
- Q: How can fluoride help prevent dental caries?
- A: Fluoride enhances the remineralization process and makes the enamel more resistant to acid attacks. It can be obtained from toothpaste, drinking water, and professional fluoride treatments.
- Q: What are the stages of dental caries development?
- A: The stages include the initial demineralization of enamel, the formation of a carious lesion, progression into dentin, and, if untreated, involvement of the pulp leading to infection and abscess formation.
- Q: How can dental caries be diagnosed?
- A: Diagnosis involves clinical examination, dental history, and often the use of dental X-rays. Early caries may be detected by visual examination or with the help of diagnostic tools like laser fluorescence or transillumination.
- Q: What are preventive measures for dental caries?
- A: Good oral hygiene practices, regular dental check-ups, limiting sugary food and drink consumption, and the use of fluoride products are crucial preventive measures against dental caries.
Here are some viva questions and answers related to the theories of dental caries:
- Q: Explain the Specific Plaque Hypothesis.
- A: The Specific Plaque Hypothesis, proposed by J. Stephan in 1944, suggests that specific microorganisms, particularly Streptococcus mutans, play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. According to this theory, certain bacteria in dental plaque are more cariogenic than others.
- Q: What is the Ecological Plaque Hypothesis?
- A: The Ecological Plaque Hypothesis, proposed by P.D. Marsh, emphasizes the overall microbial ecology of dental plaque rather than singling out specific bacteria. It highlights the dynamic interactions among various microbial species in the plaque community and their response to changes in the oral environment.
- Q: Describe the Role of Diet in the Keyes’ Causal Model.
- A: The Keyes’ Causal Model, introduced by J.L. Keyes, emphasizes the interaction between three main factors: host (tooth), microflora, and substrate (diet). According to this model, dental caries occurs when there is a susceptible tooth, cariogenic microflora, and a diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates.
- Q: What is the Demineralization–Remineralization Balance theory?
- A: The Demineralization–Remineralization Balance theory focuses on the dynamic equilibrium between the processes of demineralization and remineralization in the tooth structure. It underscores the importance of maintaining a balance favoring remineralization to prevent dental caries. viva question and answers in Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Q: Explain the Time-Intensity Theory.
- A: The Time-Intensity Theory, proposed by W.J. Moorhead, suggests that the frequency and duration of exposure to cariogenic factors (especially sugars) are critical in the development of dental caries. Prolonged and frequent exposure increases the risk of demineralization, leading to caries.
- Q: What is the Window of Infectivity concept?
- A: The Window of Infectivity concept, introduced by R. Sreebny, highlights the vulnerability of individuals to dental caries during specific periods of life, particularly in the early years when teeth are erupting. It underscores the importance of preventive measures during these critical times.
- Q: Discuss the Role of Saliva in the Buffering Theory.
- A: The Buffering Theory emphasizes the role of saliva in maintaining a balanced pH in the oral environment. Saliva acts as a buffer, neutralizing acids produced by bacteria, and promotes remineralization. This theory underscores the importance of saliva in preventing dental caries.
- Q: Explain the Fluoride Action Theory.
- A: The Fluoride Action Theory suggests that fluoride exerts its caries-preventive effects by promoting remineralization, inhibiting demineralization, and interfering with bacterial metabolism. It emphasizes the systemic and topical benefits of fluoride in reducing the risk of dental caries.
- Q: What is the Multifactorial Theory of Dental Caries?
- A: The Multifactorial Theory considers dental caries to be a result of the interaction among multiple factors, including host susceptibility, microbial activity, diet, and oral hygiene practices. It acknowledges the complexity of caries development and the influence of various factors.
- Q: How do these theories influence preventive strategies for dental caries?
- A: These theories collectively guide the development of preventive strategies, emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene, dietary modifications, fluoride use, and understanding the dynamic interactions within the oral environment to effectively prevent and manage dental caries. 30 viva Questions and Answers related to the nerve supply to the Head and Neck
