1. What is dental ceramics, and why is it used in dentistry?
   • Answer: Dental ceramics are biocompatible materials used in dentistry to create dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, veneers, and inlays/onlays. They are valued for their natural appearance, durability, and ability to mimic the esthetics of natural teeth.
2. What are the main types of dental ceramics used in restorative dentistry?
   • Answer: The main types of dental ceramics include feldspathic porcelain, lithium disilicate, zirconia, and alumina. Each has its unique properties and is used for specific clinical applications.
3. How does feldspathic porcelain differ from other dental ceramics?
   • Answer: Feldspathic porcelain is known for its excellent esthetics, translucency, and ability to closely mimic natural tooth enamel. It is often used for veneers and anterior restorations.
4. What is lithium disilicate, and when is it commonly used in dentistry?
   • Answer: Lithium disilicate is a type of glass-ceramic known for its strength and esthetics. It is frequently used for making crowns and veneers, especially for anterior teeth.
5. What are the advantages of using zirconia in dental restorations?
   • Answer: Zirconia is prized for its exceptional strength and durability, making it suitable for posterior crowns and bridges. It is also highly biocompatible and can be used in patients with metal allergies.
6. What is the difference between monolithic and layered zirconia restorations?
   • Answer: Monolithic zirconia restorations are made from a single block of zirconia and are known for their strength but may lack some esthetic qualities. Layered zirconia restorations have a more natural appearance as they combine a zirconia core with an outer layer of porcelain for esthetics.
7. How do you bond dental ceramics to natural teeth?
   • Answer: Dental ceramics are typically bonded to natural teeth using adhesive bonding techniques. This involves the use of bonding agents and resin cements that adhere the restoration to the tooth structure.
8. What are the common challenges associated with dental ceramics?
   • Answer: Challenges can include fracture or chipping of the ceramic, issues with color matching, and ensuring a proper fit. Additionally, there may be complications related to bonding and cementation.
9. What is the lifespan of dental ceramics, and how can patients prolong the life of their ceramic restorations?
   • Answer: The lifespan of dental ceramics can vary depending on factors such as the type of ceramic and the patient’s oral hygiene. On average, they can last 10-15 years or more. Patients can prolong the life of their restorations by maintaining good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding habits like teeth grinding.
10. What is the significance of occlusion in the success of dental ceramic restorations?
    • Answer: Proper occlusion is crucial for the longevity of dental ceramics. Incorrect occlusion can lead to premature wear, chipping, or fractures of the restorations. It’s essential to ensure that the patient’s bite is properly adjusted after placing ceramic restorations.

These questions and answers should help you prepare for a viva examination on dental ceramics. Remember to also study any specific materials or techniques that are relevant to your coursework or clinical experience.

Dental Viva voice Questions in Permanent Dentition

Certainly! Here are some common viva questions and answers related to dental ceramics:

1. What is Flux?
   • Flux prevents the formation of oxides during the melting of an alloy, therefore assisting in the flow of the alloy.
2. What are the main types of dental ceramics, and how do they differ?
   • There are three main types: feldspathic porcelain, glass-ceramics, and zirconia ceramics. Feldspathic porcelain is highly esthetic, while glass-ceramics combine esthetics with strength. Zirconia ceramics are known for their exceptional strength.
3. How do you select the appropriate type of dental ceramic for a specific case?
   • The choice depends on factors like the location of the restoration, the patient’s bite force, and their esthetic expectations. For anterior teeth, feldspathic porcelain is often preferred for its natural look. For posterior teeth, where strength is crucial, glass-ceramics or zirconia may be chosen.
4. What is the firing process in dental ceramics, and why is it important?
   • Firing involves heating the ceramic restoration in a special furnace to bond the particles and create a solid, durable structure. It’s crucial to ensure the restoration fits precisely and has the desired esthetics.
5. How do you achieve proper shade matching with dental ceramics?
   • Shade matching is done using shade guides and meticulous attention to detail. Natural lighting is often used to assess shade accuracy. Custom shading and layering techniques can also be employed for better results.
6. What are the advantages of all-ceramic restorations over metal-ceramic restorations?
   • All-ceramic restorations offer better esthetics, as they can closely mimic natural teeth. They are also biocompatible and less likely to cause allergic reactions. Additionally, they don’t have a metal core, reducing the risk of a dark line at the gumline.
7. What are the potential challenges or complications associated with dental ceramics?
   • Some challenges include chipping or fracture of the ceramic, especially in high-stress areas. There may also be issues with shade matching, which can be challenging in complex cases.
8. How do you handle and maintain dental ceramic restorations?
   • Patients should be advised to maintain good oral hygiene and avoid habits like biting hard objects. Regular dental check-ups are important to detect any issues early. Polishing with a fluoride-free paste can help maintain esthetics.
9. What is the role of CAD/CAM technology in dental ceramics?
   • CAD/CAM technology allows for precise digital design and fabrication of dental ceramic restorations. It enhances accuracy and reduces production time.
10. Can dental ceramics be repaired if they chip or fracture?
    • In some cases, minor chipping can be repaired with composite resin. However, severe damage may require replacement of the restoration.

Remember that viva questions can vary depending on the specific course or program you’re in, so it’s essential to study your course materials thoroughly and be prepared for a range of questions related to dental ceramics.

Viva Question and Answers in oral surgery

Certainly! Here are some common viva questions and their answers related to dental ceramics:

1. Which flux is used in dental ceramics?

Answer: Boric oxide

2. What are the main types of dental ceramics used in dentistry?

Answer: There are two main types of dental ceramics:

• Porcelain (feldspathic) ceramics: These are traditional ceramics used for aesthetic restorations due to their lifelike appearance.
• Zirconia ceramics: These are known for their strength and durability, making them suitable for both posterior and anterior restorations.

3. What is the difference between porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and all-ceramic crowns?

Answer: PFM crowns have a metal substructure covered by porcelain, providing strength and aesthetics. All-ceramic crowns, on the other hand, are entirely made of ceramic material and are preferred for their superior aesthetics and biocompatibility.

4. How is dental ceramic material matched to a patient’s natural teeth color?

Answer: Dentists use shade guides and color charts to match the ceramic material to a patient’s natural tooth color. They take into account factors like tooth color, translucency, and opalescence.

5. What are the advantages of using all-ceramic restorations over PFM restorations?

Answer: All-ceramic restorations offer several advantages, including superior aesthetics, biocompatibility, and reduced risk of allergic reactions. They are also more suitable for patients with metal allergies.

6. What is the crystalline structure of zirconia ceramics, and why is it beneficial in dentistry?

Answer: Zirconia ceramics have a tetragonal crystalline structure. This structure gives them exceptional strength and fracture resistance, making them suitable for use in dental restorations, especially in the posterior region where higher forces are applied during chewing.

7. How do you bond dental ceramics to natural teeth?

Answer: Dental ceramics can be bonded to natural teeth using dental cement or adhesive systems. The bonding process involves etching the ceramic surface to increase surface roughness, applying a bonding agent, and then curing it with a special light. This creates a strong bond between the restoration and the tooth.

8. What are the potential complications or challenges associated with dental ceramics?

Answer: Some potential challenges include chipping or fracturing of the ceramic, mismatched color or aesthetics, and issues related to bonding. Proper case selection, preparation, and laboratory techniques can help mitigate these challenges.

9. How do you care for dental ceramic restorations, and what is their expected lifespan?

Answer: Patients should care for dental ceramics like natural teeth, with regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups. The expected lifespan of ceramic restorations can vary but typically ranges from 10 to 15 years or more, depending on factors such as the patient’s oral hygiene and the quality of the restoration.

Remember that viva questions may vary depending on your level of education and the specific course or examination you are preparing for. It’s important to study your course materials thoroughly to prepare for your viva examination in dental ceramics.

Viva Question and Answers in dental caries

Certainly, here are some common viva questions and answers related to dental ceramics:

1. What is the purpose of adding metallic oxides in ceramics?

Answer: colour matching or shade matching

2. What are the main types of dental ceramics used in dentistry?
   • The main types of dental ceramics include porcelain, zirconia, glass ceramics, and composite ceramics.
3. What is the difference between porcelain and ceramic restorations in dentistry?
   • Porcelain is a type of ceramic material often used in dental restorations. The terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Porcelain is a specific type of ceramic that is more translucent and aesthetically pleasing for dental applications.
4. How is dental porcelain different from industrial ceramics?
   • Dental porcelain is specifically designed to mimic the optical properties and translucency of natural teeth. It has to be highly biocompatible and aesthetically pleasing, unlike industrial ceramics, which may prioritize other properties like strength and heat resistance.
5. What are the advantages of using dental ceramics in restorations?
   • Dental ceramics offer excellent aesthetics, biocompatibility, and durability. They closely resemble natural teeth and are resistant to staining and wear.
6. What are the different fabrication techniques for dental ceramics?
   • Dental ceramics can be fabricated using techniques like traditional layering, pressable ceramics, and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling.
7. What is the significance of the coefficient of thermal expansion in dental ceramics?
   • The coefficient of thermal expansion is important because it affects how well the ceramic restoration bonds to the tooth structure without causing stress or fractures when exposed to temperature changes.
8. How do you choose the right shade for a ceramic restoration?
   • The dentist typically selects the shade by matching it to the patient’s natural teeth using shade guides and considering factors like lighting conditions and the patient’s preferences.
9. What is the role of glaze in dental ceramics?
   • Glaze is a protective layer applied to dental ceramics after firing. It enhances the aesthetics, smoothness, and surface finish of the restoration and helps resist staining.
10. What are the potential complications or drawbacks of dental ceramic restorations?
    • Complications may include chipping or fracture of the restoration, allergic reactions to materials, and the need for occasional adjustments.
11. How do you care for and maintain dental ceramic restorations?
    • Patients should maintain good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups. Avoiding habits like grinding teeth or biting on hard objects can also prolong the life of ceramic restorations.
12. What are the recent advancements in dental ceramics technology?
    • Recent advancements include the use of CAD/CAM technology for precision milling, the development of stronger and more aesthetic materials, and improvements in bonding techniques.

These questions and answers should provide a good starting point for discussing dental ceramics in a viva or interview setting. However, be prepared for more specific questions based on the context and depth of your knowledge in dental ceramics.

Certainly! Here are some potential viva questions and answers related to dental ceramics:

1. Who introduced the first porcelain tooth material?

Answer: DeChemant

2. What are the primary types of dental ceramics?

There are two main types of dental ceramics: feldspathic ceramics and glass ceramics. Feldspathic ceramics are used in layered restorations for their aesthetic properties, while glass ceramics are preferred for their strength and are often used in monolithic restorations.

3. Explain the difference between porcelain and dental ceramic.

Porcelain is a type of dental ceramic. Porcelain is a specific ceramic material made from a combination of clay, feldspar, and other materials. Dental ceramics, on the other hand, encompass a broader category of materials, including porcelain, that are used in various dental applications.

4. What factors influence the selection of a particular dental ceramic material for a patient’s restoration?

Several factors influence material selection, including the location of the restoration, esthetic requirements, occlusal forces, and patient preferences. For example, a high-strength ceramic like zirconia might be chosen for a posterior crown, while a more esthetic option like lithium disilicate might be used for a anterior veneer.

5. What is the firing process in dental ceramics, and why is it important?

The firing process involves heating the ceramic material in a furnace to a specific temperature. It is crucial because it helps to bond the ceramic particles, remove impurities, and achieve the desired physical and esthetic properties. Without proper firing, the restoration may lack strength or esthetic appeal.

6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of all-ceramic restorations compared to metal-ceramic restorations.

All-ceramic restorations offer superior esthetics due to their natural tooth-like appearance. They are also biocompatible and do not cause allergic reactions. However, they may be less durable than metal-ceramic restorations and could be prone to fracture in high-stress areas.

7. How does the translucency of a dental ceramic affect its esthetic properties?

Translucency is a crucial factor in dental ceramics because it determines how much light can pass through the restoration, mimicking the natural appearance of teeth. Higher translucency ceramics are often used in anterior restorations where esthetics are a primary concern.

8. What is the difference between monolithic and layered ceramic restorations?

Monolithic restorations are made from a single type of ceramic and are uniform in composition, whereas layered restorations consist of multiple ceramic layers to achieve a more natural appearance. Layered ceramics are typically used in esthetically demanding cases.

9. What is the role of a dental laboratory technician in the fabrication of ceramic restorations?

Dental laboratory technicians play a crucial role in the fabrication process. They work closely with dentists to design, shape, and color-match ceramic restorations. Their expertise ensures that the final restoration meets both functional and esthetic requirements.

10. How can you assess the fit and quality of a ceramic restoration during a clinical evaluation?

Clinical evaluation involves checking the restoration for proper fit, occlusion, and esthetics. It should fit snugly without any gaps, align with the patient’s natural bite, and blend seamlessly with adjacent teeth in terms of color and contour.

These questions and answers should help you prepare for a viva examination on dental ceramics. Remember to delve deeper into specific topics if required and stay updated with the latest developments in the field of dental ceramics.

Certainly, here are some potential viva (oral examination) questions and answers related to dental ceramics:

1. What is the role of Quartz in dental porcelain?

• Strengthener

2. What are the main types of dental ceramics?
   • Porcelain (feldspathic): This is a traditional type of dental ceramic that closely resembles natural tooth enamel.
   • Zirconia: It’s a strong and durable ceramic used for crowns and bridges.
   • Glass-ceramics: These are ceramics that are initially glass-like but can be crystallized for increased strength and aesthetics.
3. How do you match the color of dental ceramics to a patient’s natural teeth?

To match the color of dental ceramics to a patient’s natural teeth, various shade guides and digital tools are used. Dentists and technicians assess factors such as tooth hue, value, and chroma, and then select the ceramic materials and shades that closely resemble the patient’s natural teeth.

4. What are the advantages of using dental ceramics in restorative dentistry?
   • Aesthetics: Dental ceramics mimic natural teeth in color and translucency.
   • Biocompatibility: They are well-tolerated by the oral tissues.
   • Durability: Ceramic restorations are resistant to staining and wear.
   • Precision: They can be customized for a perfect fit.
5. Can you explain the sintering process in dental ceramics?

Sintering is the process of heating ceramic material to a temperature below its melting point, causing the particles to bond together and form a solid structure. In dental ceramics, this process is used to harden and strengthen the restoration. For example, in the case of zirconia, the green, pre-milled material is sintered to achieve its final strength.

6. What is the difference between veneers and crowns in terms of dental ceramics?
   • Veneers: Veneers are thin ceramic shells placed on the front surface of a tooth to improve its appearance. They require less material and removal of tooth structure compared to crowns.
   • Crowns: Crowns are caps that cover the entire tooth. They are used for restoring damaged teeth or for strengthening teeth with large fillings. More ceramic material is involved in making crowns.
7. How do you bond dental ceramics to natural teeth?

Dental ceramics are typically bonded to natural teeth using dental adhesive systems, which consist of bonding agents and resin cements. The process involves etching the tooth surface, applying the bonding agent, and then placing the ceramic restoration in position before curing it with a light source.

8. What are the potential complications or challenges in using dental ceramics?
   • Fracture: Ceramic restorations can fracture under excessive stress.
   • Color matching: Achieving a perfect color match can be challenging.
   • Cost: Dental ceramics can be expensive compared to other materials.
9. How do you maintain dental ceramic restorations?

Patients should maintain good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing. They should also avoid excessive force on the ceramic restorations, such as biting hard objects, which could lead to fractures.

10. What advancements have been made in dental ceramics in recent years?

Recent advancements include the use of digital technology for shade matching and CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) for precise fabrication of ceramic restorations. Additionally, new materials with improved aesthetics and strength have been developed.

These questions and answers provide a basic understanding of dental ceramics for a viva examination, but it’s important to consult your course materials and instructors for specific details and updates.

Certainly! Here are some common viva questions and answers related to dental ceramics:

1. What is the main constituent in porcelain?

• Feldspar

2. What are the primary types of dental ceramics used in prosthodontics?
   • Answer: The main types of dental ceramics used in prosthodontics are feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced ceramics, lithium disilicate, and zirconia.
3. What are the advantages of using porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns compared to all-ceramic crowns?
   • Answer: PFM crowns offer greater strength due to the metal substructure while providing good esthetics. They are often preferred for posterior teeth where esthetics may be less critical.
4. What are the advantages of all-ceramic crowns over PFM crowns?
   • Answer: All-ceramic crowns offer superior esthetics and translucency, making them ideal for anterior teeth. They are also more biocompatible and do not have the risk of metal allergies or the unsightly metal margin often seen with PFMs.
5. What is the difference between veneers and crowns in dental ceramics?
   • Answer: Veneers are thin shells of ceramic material used to cover the front surface of teeth primarily for esthetic purposes. Crowns, on the other hand, cover the entire tooth and are used for both esthetics and restoring damaged teeth.
6. What factors should be considered when selecting the shade of dental ceramics for a restoration?
   • Answer: Factors to consider include the patient’s natural tooth color, surrounding teeth, lighting conditions, and the desired esthetic outcome.
7. How does the firing process work in dental ceramic restorations, and why is it important?
   • Answer: Firing involves heating the ceramic restoration in a kiln to a specific temperature to achieve its final hardness, strength, and color. It is crucial because it ensures the restoration is durable and matches the desired shade.
8. What is the role of a dental laboratory technician in the fabrication of dental ceramics?
   • Answer: Dental laboratory technicians are responsible for fabricating dental ceramic restorations based on impressions and specifications provided by the dentist. Their expertise is crucial in achieving accurate fit and esthetics.
9. What are the potential complications or drawbacks associated with dental ceramics?
   • Answer: Complications may include chipping, fractures, or issues with the fit. In some cases, there may be challenges with achieving the desired shade or translucency.
10. How can you ensure the longevity of dental ceramic restorations?
    • Answer: Proper oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding excessive forces on the restorations (e.g., teeth grinding) can help prolong the life of dental ceramic restorations.

Remember that these questions and answers provide a general overview of dental ceramics, and specific questions may vary depending on the context of your viva examination. It’s essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the topic and be prepared for more in-depth questions.

Certainly, here are some common viva questions and answers related to dental ceramics:

1. In which sage the maximum shrinkage during firing process in ceramic occurs?
   • High Bisque stage
2. What are the primary types of dental ceramics?
   • There are two primary types of dental ceramics: porcelain (feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced porcelain, lithium disilicate) and glass-ceramics (zirconia, alumina, etc.).
3. Why are dental ceramics used in restorative dentistry?
   • Dental ceramics are used because they have excellent aesthetic properties, biocompatibility, and can be customized to match the color and translucency of natural teeth. They also have good mechanical properties for restoring tooth function.
4. What is the difference between porcelain and ceramic in dental restorations?
   • Porcelain is a type of ceramic, specifically designed for dental restorations. The main difference is that dental ceramics, including porcelain, are formulated to closely resemble natural tooth enamel and dentin in terms of color, translucency, and other optical properties.
5. How is shade selection done for dental ceramics?
   • Shade selection is typically performed using shade guides and color charts, considering factors such as the patient’s natural teeth color, skin tone, and lighting conditions.
6. What is the firing process in dental ceramics?
   • Firing is the process of heating dental ceramic materials in a special oven or furnace (kiln) to a specific temperature to achieve the desired hardness and esthetic properties.
7. What is the role of bonding agents in dental ceramics?
   • Bonding agents are used to securely attach dental ceramics to the tooth structure. They improve the adhesion between the restoration and the tooth, ensuring stability.
8. What are the advantages of using zirconia ceramics in dental restorations?
   • Zirconia ceramics are known for their high strength and durability, making them suitable for dental crowns and bridges in the posterior region. They are also biocompatible and have good esthetic properties.
9. What are the potential challenges or drawbacks of using dental ceramics?
   • Dental ceramics can be brittle, and they may require more removal of natural tooth structure compared to other materials. They can also be challenging to repair if damaged.
10. How do you care for dental ceramic restorations?
    • Patients should maintain good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing. Avoiding excessive force on the restorations (e.g., chewing ice or hard objects) is also important to prevent damage.

These questions and answers cover some fundamental aspects of dental ceramics. Depending on the level of the viva examination and the specific course or program, you may encounter more in-depth questions related to materials, techniques, and clinical applications.